Gender Roles In Chuck Palahniuk And David Finchers Fight...

In today’s society, there is confusion regarding sex, gender, and gender roles. Sex is referring to the biological differences between males and females; whereas gender refers to the normative behaviors of males and females. Gender roles are roles defined by society for each sex. With the world changing, traditional gender roles are being defied. Males are â€Å"acting† and â€Å"dressing† like females, and vice versa. This utter disregard to traditional gender roles has spun our society into a tizzy. In Fight Club, Chuck Palahniuk and David Fincher have focused on the promotion of traditional gender roles and masculinity, as well as clearly defining appropriate behaviors and appearances for men. The traditional gender role of a male is†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, if men do not endure pain, they cannot showcase that they are tough. Thus, never obtaining their dominance and power. Throughout the book and film, there was a clear promotion of masculini ty. The reinforcing of the traditional male gender role is a promotion of masculinity in itself. The Assault Committee is another promotion of masculinity. It is a male only committee, with the objective of helping men regain and maintain their mascininity. Tyler explains, â€Å"What we have to do, people [...] is remind these guys what kind of power they still have† (Palahniuk 120). Tyler has created this committee to demonstrate each members commitment to their gender role and masculinity. They go around displaying their masculinity by picking fights with strangers, and glorifying each other when they do not get caught, but punishing each other when they do. Through allowing the strangers to win, the committee is giving them their masculinity and power back, in the hopes the strangers will join the committee. Another promotion of masculinity is the discussion of bodybuilding. Bodybuilding is a sport that promotes masculinity. Bodybuilders train to become as masculine and as defined as they physical can. Big Bob explains the lifestyle as, â€Å"better than real life† (Palahniuk 22). Big Bob wanted to become so masculine, that he took steroids to do it. These steroids resulted in the development of testicular cancer.Show MoreRelatedMasculinity in Chuck Palahniuks Work7062 Words   |  29 Pagesthis array of comfort and leisure we are inclined to believe that male lifestyle has reached its peak on the timeline of satisfaction. This was until David Fincher took Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club and made it into a big budget Hollywood blockbuster. With the male demographic being the hardest to pinpoint in the literature sense, David Fincher’s adaptation helpfully put Palahniuk’s thoughts into the cinematic forefront. This increased the popularity of Palahniuk’s other works and placed him

Feminism Of Domestic Violence, By Jennifer Nixon And Cathy...

The intersectionality of women’s health issues such as domestic violence overlaps this problematic worldwide situation and connects vastly across cultures and continents, as domestic violence does not discriminate against women--people do. In the peer-reviewed academic design study article, â€Å"Intersectionality and Framing Domestic Violence†, Jennifer Nixon and Cathy Humphreys investigates intersectionality of feminist framing of domestic violence, and hypothesize a feminist theory specifically aimed at issues of violence against women. Nixon and Humphreys postulate that â€Å"deconstruction, not to cause harm on feminist activism has made ideological, material, and political gains for survivors of domestic violence† (Nixon and Humphreys 138). Additionally, they establish meaning that domestic violence is extensive, oppresses women, and is multi-cultural and the economic segments require revision. Subsequently, recommending that need to re-frame domestic viol ence should be a concentration on intersectionality, with its focus on the overlapping repetitions of gender, race, and ethnicity, class, disability, and sexuality. As the empirical results are constantly fluctuating, incorporating inclusions of updated results are vital, especially to include intersectionality which comprises the larger overlapping inclusion of the violence against women movement. In fact, Portwood and Finkel Heany’s (2007) peer-reviewed design study, â€Å"Responding to Violence Against Women: Social Science

Whatever They Told You About Topics to Write a Personal Essay about History Is Dead Wrong...And Heres Why

Whatever They Told You About Topics to Write a Personal Essay about History Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why If there wasn't any medical answer, then the individual would die. Nobody else can write your private history the way you are able to. If it's possible to write a book, and achieve your target, then you've come to be a more interesting and accomplished person in the procedure. Therefore the goal must be expressed with a very clear expectation of the time in your life the moment it happens. No matter the sort of mistakes you make, you're a success. No matter the quantity of time needed to finish, you're a success. Get people interested in what you need to say, and they'll be more interested in buying your book. If you like writing, and you believe you've got an idea that people are likely to be considering reading about, maybe it's time for you to think about writing, publishing, and selling your own e-books for profit. Most individuals do from time to time. If you are in need of a community of people to talk about your ideas with, there are groups online and locally you're able to join. Topics to Write a Personal Essay about History Help! Although writing a critique term paper may give you a tough time as it really isn't the presentation of private expression but needs a comprehensive research of the topic you've picked. An essay is the simplest type of academic writing. Buying a pre-written essay is ridiculous and you want to never will need to do that. Writing an essay for history isn't necessarily the exact same as it could be for an English. After you get some ideas down on paper, you could be surprised by what you need to say about a subject. Once you have a topic, you've got to make a determination best buy essay regarding what way you have to approach it. The topic chosen for the purpose needs to be attractive in the perspective of several readers. The genuine writing is just a little portion of. After all, the very last thing you wish to do is publish a book which is filled with mistakes that might have easily been corrected. Learn which blog articles you're clicking, what all stuff you're reading for hours without knowing. There are a lot of good and bad examples out there on what things to write and the way to tell a story. A History essay is a part of written work in response to a specific question or. You may not understand how to commence an argumentative essay. If you wish to compose a really intriguing history essay, be certain to pick a superior topic. Now, it has become rather hard to discover affordable history essays and papers online. It is possible to also record your thoughts and thoughts as audio files. Many titles for the content Alternative titles for a specific content may help you focus the content in far better way. The toughest part is always just getting what you wish to say back on paper. Our cheap custom made essay wide selection of cheap always. A goal you hate the idea of doing isn't really a goal, it's a have to do. The problem I seem to be facing is that I have begun to think that what I do to aid others really won't help reduce the suffering of my fellow man. A Secret Weapon for Topics to Write a Personal Essay about History On the website, there's a section titled All About Me. Your title ought to be creative, as it ought to stick out among thousands and thousands of different titles. Developing a record of milestones is much like keeping a journal, except it has an inclination to be added to less frequently. My Family History Family history is essential to a person.

Essay on Parkinson Disease (PD) - 2171 Words

Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,†¦show more content†¦Although many theories and hypotheses were raised as to why this happens, there is no solid information supporting the physiological cause of this, but it is surely one of various factors that may lead to the development of PD. Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia It has been known that PD is a disorder affecting the basal ganglia. The term basal ganglia is generally applied to a collection of nuclei situated deep within the cerebral hemispheres, lying laterally to the thalamus (Gazzeniga, George, and Mangun, 2008). The basal ganglia are important subcortical structures. They are composed of five nuclei: caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. These nuclei are not thought of a single anatomical entity; rather, they form a functional unity whose contribution is greatly to motor control. Interestingly, this system does not influence movement through spinal cord pathways, but rather acts as part of a feedback loop to all areas of the cerebral cortex, with primary input into motor areas (Aird, 2000). A number of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters are what control this whole process, and a balance of both is required to ensure that smooth, purposeful movement takes pla ce. In order to understand the pathways of which the basal ganglia take part in, it is essential to know the input and output connections of the basal ganglia. The inputShow MoreRelatedParkinson Disease ( Pd )1350 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016). The cause of Parkinson disease, defined by Robert Hauser, who isRead MoreParkinson Disease ( Pd )929 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease symptomized by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow imprecise movements. Typically, the disease affects middle-aged and elderly individuals. PD is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain causing a deficiency of the neurotransmission of dopamine. (1). Given what you know about the members of the family, analyze and comment on the potential effects this condition/illness might have on them. Since Mr. Olsen (Frederic) hasRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )1361 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is progressive, incurable and debilitating. The disease is caused by a loss of dopamine producing neurons in the brainstem which leads primarily to motor deficits. In Australia, 1 in 350 people live with PD and the prevalence is quickly growing (Parkinson s Queensland, 2014). While most of the people diagnosed with PD are over 65 years old, people as young as 30 can develop the condition (Parkinson s Queensland, 2014). Currently, thereRead MoreThe Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer s disease (Lang and Lozano, 1998). It affects about 1% of the population with different ethnic backgrounds throughout the world over the age of 65 (Tanner and Goldman, 1996). The aetiology of Parkinson s disease is not well understood; however, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role (Checkoway and Nelson, 1999). Pathologically, PD is characterised by mitochondrialRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )725 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second world s major neurological disease (Laut Breteler, 2006) affecting 6 million people globally (Schapira, 1999). PD is a progressive and long term disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) activity with the following traits including bradykinesia, rigorousness, involuntary muscular contraction and unstable postural alignment (O Sullivan Schmitz, 2007). Basal ganglia are located in the CNS have large nerve fibers and neurotransmittersRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1890 Words   |  8 Pagesthe salient characteristics associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most commonly linked to motor deficits, including tremor and rigidity, a majority of individuals with PD also experience a variety of sensorimotor speech deficits. While listeners often describe the speech of individuals with PD as unnatural or unintelligible, reflecting many of the phonatory, articulatory, and prosodic deficits linked to the disorder, in dividuals with PD tend to minimize or even deny their speech differencesRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )1326 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, falling second to Alzheimer’s disease. It is stated that there are roughly 5 million individuals worldwide and 1 million individuals in the U.S. that suffer from PD. PD arises from the lack of dopamine in the brain along with the degradation of dopaminergic neurons, particularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta.1 The degradation of the dopamine neurons increases the number of free radicals in the substantia nigraRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )822 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aberrant ÃŽ ±-synuclein aggregates within neurons causing damage or neuronal death in different regions of the brain with most disease development occurring in the substantia nigra (NIH.PARK). ÃŽ ±-synuc lein positive Lewy bodies are another hallmark of PD development (NIH.PARK). Damage or death of neurons leads to a decrease in dopamine production which is required for smooth control of muscle movement (NIH.PARK2, NIH.PARK). ClinicallyRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )951 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative debilitating movement disease which gets worse over time (Medscape, 2015). After much research and study no known cause has yet been determined and experts have hypothesized that it is a mix of inherited and environmental factors (Medscape, 2015). However, regardless of the unspecific cause, it is characterized by a significant loss in dopamine transportation to the basal ganglia which manifests itself in the three following physiologic signs: restingRead MoreEarly Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) Through The Characteristics Of Finger Movement During Typing Essay5181 Words   |  21 Pagesresearch into detecting early Parkinson’s Disea se (PD) through the characteristics of finger movement during typing. It begins with a discussion of PD and its symptoms, and then provides an overview of the current and emerging diagnostic strategies for early detection of the disease, with particular emphasis on those involving human-computer interaction (HCI) and the relationship with keystroke biometrics. The scope of the review is to focus on the motor symptoms of PD, rather than the causes, pathogenesis

International human resource management Free Essays

Introduction Nowadays, most companies have been expanding internationally, many positions have to be filled which range from entry level positions to those of senior management. As more companies go global, the need for the transfer of skills and knowledge becomes essential if the company is to succeed internationally. To ensure that the subsidiary’s goals, practices and strategies are in line with the parent company, it is necessary to have senior management filled by qualified individuals capable of leading the new, inexperienced team and steering it in the right direction. We will write a custom essay sample on International human resource management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, to ensure that the subsidiary inherits the culture and practices from the parent company, managers from the parent company might be deployed to fill senior management positions at the subsidiary. However, other positions at the subsidiary might be filled by personnel from local countries rather than the parent or host country. Personnel who do not hail from the host country are defined as expatriates. While recruiting the expertise of the expatriates might be advantageous, they bring a unique set of problems which need to be dealt with to ensure their efficiency. Although there are disadvantages associated with employing expatriates, there are measures that companies can adopt to ensure that the impact of these problems would be decreased. Advantages of Expatriates Expertise and Skills Employing the expertise of expatriates can help a company accelerate the development of its subsidiary or return it to profitability. The skills that they already possess will enable the expatriates to pass on their knowledge and skills to their subordinates and train them in the relevant skills and knowledge. When expatriates are selected for foreign assignments, they have to be chosen based on their skill levels and their ability to adapt. Therefore, when they pass their knowledge and skills to the employees at the subsidiary, the company is able to expand successfully. Despite having a successful 20 year run in Japan, a subsidiary company’s business volumes had decreased, causing its profit levels to dip. HTM Corporation concluded that this situation required the use of expatriates with high levels of technical and communication skills to return the business to its profitable level (HTM Corporation, 2009). As seen in this case, the expertise of expatriates is able to help c ompanies, previously profitable without expatriates, return to those levels as they have sufficient skills. Expatriates are able to bring lot of experience to the subsidiary company because the unique experiences may enable them to help the company succeed through innovation and creativity (Radio New Zealand International, 2009). Expatriates are also able to fill vacancies when the host country nationals do not have the relevant skills or expertise (Pacific Bridge Inc, 2009). This is an alternative to providing on-the job training for the locals. Company Culture and Practices Passed Down Easily The parent company culture and relevant practices and procedures can be passed down quickly if training of the local employees is conducted by expatriates from the parent company. The ideals, vision and mission of the parent company can be demonstrated through the expatriate. If the expatriate embodies these principles of the company, the culture and practices of the parent company can be transferred to the subsidiary quickly and effectively. Disadvantages of expatriates High Costs Although Employing expatriates are beneficial to a company, it is an expensive process. Relocating an expatriate with a family which can be time consuming and costly to the company. For instance, hiring an expatriate to work in China can cost as much as five times of hiring a local. This is due to the package that the expatriate is to receive as compensation. This compensation and benefits package usually consists of a hardship allowance, housing, insurance, tax and home leave, amongst other benefits. The compensation and benefits package is usually attractive to expatriates as a form of financial advancement. This makes the move to the subsidiary company and country attractive. To ensure that it is attractive enough to entice the highly skilled and experienced personnel, the compensation and benefits package has to result in a higher standard of living or the promise of career advancement. The company has to support its high costs, while the expatriate benefits from this package. Other than the compensation and benefits that the expatriate receives, the parent company also has to invest time, money and effort into pre-departure training and incur other costs such as sending the potential expatriate on a trip to assess the location. Hence, there will be a loss of man-hours. As a result of the high costs involved, it is substantial that the expatriate is well prepared for the move. This will reduce the likelihood of expatriate failure which will incur more costs. Discontent among Locals Due to highly trained, educated and skilled expatriates joining the new subsidiary, locals might be discontented when they feel that their opportunities are being taken away. Local mid-level managers might feel that they do not have the opportunity to advance in their careers. This would encourage the talent to leave the company in order to get promote. Consequently, staff turnover might rise because of expatriates holding all the senior positions in the company. This discontent among the locals could be damaging to the subsidiary company. If the company acquires a reputation for poor career advancement opportunities, talented locals are unlikely to pursue a career in that company. Therefore, the company should utilise expatriates while it is in its initial phase but train local managers to succeed the expatriate. Adapting to the New Environment Utilising expatriates to fill key positions is a risky task because of moving an expatriate and the family requires time and effort. An expatriate with children and a working spouse might be concerned about whether the spouse and children will be able to integrate into the local environment easily. To ensure ease of integration, the expatriate must be flexible and open-minded. The company also has to prepare the expatriate for the move to the new country. Expatriates, unfamiliar with the local environment and location, require more time to adapt to their new life. As a result of this unfamiliarity, the expatriate is likely to be less efficient and productive for an initial period. With low productivity, the profits of the company might decrease. Therefore, to reduce the impact of low productivity as a result of adjusting to their new life, expatriates should receive well-structured pre-departure training, preparing them on what they are to expect in the subsidiary company and country. Also, expatriates should be hired on the basis of their ability and willingness to adapt to new environments. Alternatively, they should be allowed a period of time to settle into the new country before starting work. Bibliography HTM Corporation, (2009). Expatriates in Tokyo, Japan – Outsourcing by HTM. Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from http://www.htm.co.jp/Astrategicallyusingexpacts.htm Pacific Bridge Inc., (2009). Asia – Compensation, Hiring and Retaining Employees in South East Asia. Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from http://www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asp?id=58 Pacific Bridge Inc., (2002). Asian HR eNewsletter, Retrieved on 11th March 2011 from http://www.pacificbridge.com/newslettervol.asp?vol=2no=7 Radio New Zealand International, (2009). Samoa’s Prime Minister Defends Hiring Expatriates for SamoaTel. Retrieved on 12th March 2011 from http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=readid=46480 Tripod, (n.d.). Use of Expatriates, Retrieved on 12th May 2011 from http://members.tripod.com/cometonada/HRM.htm How to cite International human resource management, Essay examples International Human Resource Management Free Essays IHRM concerns the extent to which the core tasks change when HRM is practiced across national boundaries. On this basis, Morgan (1986) presents a model of IHRM based on the interplay between human resource tasks or activities, the national or country categories involved in HRM and the categories of employees in an international firm: †¢ the tasks of HRM (human resource planning, etc. ) †¢ national/country categories involved in HRM tasks: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now the host country where a subsidiary may be located 2. the home country where the firm is headquartered 3. other’ countries that may be the source of labour, finance and other inputs †¢ categories of employees of an international firm: 1. host-country nationals 2. parent-country nationals 3. third-country nationals. In this model, internationalisation adds layers of complexity to the task of HRM within a particular firm. Based on the work of Perlmutter MNCs then face three strategic choices to cope with this complexity: * ethnocentric, * polycentric and * global/geocentric An ethnocentric strategy is where a company uses the same HR practices overseas as it does at home.By contrast, a polycentric strategy involves a company following local HR practice in its overseas operations. A global strategy is where a company attempts to implement common HRM policies for all its overseas operations . Of course, this implies an element of choice for senior managers and the reality is that hybrid strategies will emerge. Torrington et al. (2005: 695) argue that International HRM is also concerned with decentralisation: As an organisation increases its international activities, it inevitably steps up the degree of decentralisation, but internationalisation is not simply a form of decentralisation.It is the most complex form of decentralizing operations and involves types of difference – language, culture, economic and political systems, legislative frameworks, management styles and conventions – that are not found in organisational growth and diversification that stay within national boundaries. How the international HR manager identifies and copes with these ‘types of difference’ will be the subject of this course.A final point about international HRM is that MNCs will also wish to use HRM policies as mechanisms for the central coordination and control of international operations, in addition to shaping the organisational culture. (Myloni 2002: 182). Inevitably, there are a number of models of International HRM that attempt to explain how the strategic objectives of the organisation are balanced with local employee needs and values . In that case, it is perhaps more useful for managers to focus on specific HR policies and practices within the context of international organisations.Armstrong (2001) identifies the following: †¢ Employment policies – possible approaches: †¢ fill all key positions with parent country nationals †¢ appoint home country nationals †¢ appoint the best people regardless of nationality. †¢ Recruitment and Selection – for international assignments, look for: †¢ competency – technical, language skills, motivation etc. †¢ previous overseas experience †¢ evidence that the person shares the values of the culture in which he or she might work – ‘culture adaptability assessments’ †¢ family circumstances – both the person and spouse/partner adaptable to working overseas. Career Planning – requires tailoring to further the international perspective of the organisation. †¢ International Employee Development – the aim is to enable people to become more effective in their present job in an overseas location; account will need to be taken of cultural factors (in terms of how development programmes are delivered), and the extent to which there is central direction of programmes from the organisation, although they may be delivered locally.Human resource management (HRM) refers to the activities an organization carries out to utilize its human resources effectively These activities include: * determining the firm’s human resource strategy * staffing * performance evaluation * management development * compensation * labor relationsHRM can help the firm reduce the costs of value creation and add value by better serving customer needs HRM is more complex in an international business b ecause of differences between countries in labor markets, culture, legal systems, economic systems, and so on HRM must also determine when to use expatriate managers (citizens of one country working abroad), who should be sent on foreign assignments, how they should be compensated, how they should be trained, and how they should be reoriented when they return home Firms need to ensure there is a fit between their human resources practices and strategy In order to carry out a strategy effectively, employees need the right training, an appropriate compensation package, and a good performance appraisal system. How to cite International Human Resource Management, Papers International Human Resource Management Free Essays string(144) " network society has changed the way businesses operate; whereby almost every part of an organisation is controlled by some sort of technology\." INTRODUCTION The essay will be focused on discussing the Network Society as a new type of Social Structure or Organization of the Information Age. I will be using Castell’s theory on The Information Age to explain how the Network Society affects culture, individuals, institutions and various societies around the world.I will also touch on the Power of Identity, what it entails and its connection to various individuals in the global business environment†¦ After this I will talk about cross cultural management, its challenges and how it is implied in the business environment, analyzing the impact the theory of the Information Age has on this type of management and its challenges. We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also discuss the critiques of other theorists to this Castell’s theory and conclude with the negative impact of globalization and the need for cross cultural management in organizations. First and foremost I will touch on a relevant theory of globalization that relates to the Information Age and Cross Cultural Management. THEORY OF GLOBALIZATION There are various theorists, who have given their opinions and views on the theory of globalisation. I am going to phrase a few of them and focus on only one of these theories for the purpose of this essay. â€Å"Anthony Giddens (1990: 64) ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa’. â€Å" â€Å"Globalization refers to â€Å"the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole† (R. Robertson, Globalization, 1992: 8).† Robertson sees the globalisation theory as the coming together of the world as a single entity through a set of global ideas and putting aside the distinctiveness of cultural, societal and ethnic differences to be used in the home environments and during academic discussions â€Å"From the social theory perspective, globalization involves the flows of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, forms of culture and people across national boundaries via a global networked society â€Å"(Castell’s, 1996, 1997, 1998). â€Å"The transmutations of technology and capital, work together to create a new globalized and interconnected world. â€Å"(Castell’s, 1998) Manuel Castell is the theorist that I will be focusing on in this essay. He talks about the theory of the network society, which is an information based society where everyone and everything is connected through digital networks. The networks are the people who control or rule the network society; they are the elites of the society who have the upper hand, are more knowledgeable and have power over the excluded individuals. â€Å"A network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.† (Castell’s, 1996) â€Å"The Net stands for the new organizational formations based on the pervasive use of networked communication media. Network patterns are characteristic for the most advanced economic sectors, highly competitive corporations as well as for communities and social movements. â€Å"(Castell’s, 1996) The Network Society is an emerging social society or structure whose communications rely on digital networks. A digital network being global means that a society running on them would be a global society i.e. The Network Society is a Global Society. The Network Society came about as a result of the ever changing society which occurred due to the dramatic changes in technology which are controlled by the networks. Castell explains that although everyone is affected by this society, it doesn’t mean that everyone is included in it. People who aren’t part of it try to defend themselves from it. He cites the reason for everyone being affected by these networks as the fact that all central activities that manipulate and form human life around the world are being organised by global networks. The Network Society works on an Inclusion/Exclusion basis; this is a feature of it and while it searches for important add-ons that will benefit the network, it will also bypass any activity, territory or person that will not contribute to the goals or tasks assigned to the network. Part of Castell’s assumptions is the fact that under the network society, there is no class among individuals in our society and that the powers now lie in the hands of the networks. With the network society, there becomes a need for individuals to affirm their identity; this is known as the power of identity. People tend to search for their identities in order to give their lives a source of social meaning. This is a reaction got mostly from the individuals who have been excluded from the network society. Castell realised two types of reactions from these people. They either make up their own networks or exclude the networks from their lives. This power of identity is also known as the Self. â€Å"The Self symbolizes the activities through which people try to reaffirm their identities under the conditions of structural change and instability that go along with the organization of core social and economic activities into dynamic networks.† (Castell’s, 1996) CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND CASTELLS THEORY WHAT IS CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT? CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT â€Å"†¦is a system designed to train people in the global business about the variations of cultures, practices and preferences of consumers around the globe. It poses as a challenge for companies who participate in the global market. As time passes by, the diversity in culture, practices and preferences significantly increases, and so is the need for cross-cultural management, to be able to bridge the communication gaps for every culture.â€Å"Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. Cross Cultural Management is the examination or assessment of the human behaviour from an international perspective. With cross cultural management, managers are aware of the different cultures that exist in different industries in different parts of the world. It realises and tries to manage these different human behaviours, culture and communication issues so as to bring people together without any disputes or problems. This information age has brought about the rise of technology and the use of the internet. This network society has changed the way businesses operate; whereby almost every part of an organisation is controlled by some sort of technology. You read "International Human Resource Management" in category "Essay examples" Most jobs are now done through the internet by some e-commerce organisation, which in turn reduces the number of physical labour needed. With the rise of the global society, cross cultural management is becoming more essential for global companies to be successful with their employees as well as their consumers. It is needed to tackle the challenges that any global business might face in relation to culture and human behaviour. In order to tackle some of challenges brought about by these changes in regard to culture and human behaviour cross cultural management is essential. Some Cross Cultural Challenges that could occur are:- Mixed cultures and languages brought about by globalisation The recent growth and need of the internet as a part of management and easy processing The increasing need for a knowledge worker in knowledge driven organisations The increasing need for flexible workers and jobs There are many more challenges but the network society being a global society has helped to deal with some of these problems. Due to the compression of time and space, companies find it easier to employ the people that will be relevant for the required jobs. Also with the individualisation of labour and the growing flexibility of workers, they are able to adapt and adjust to the growing temporality of jobs. Companies now have the option to choose either part time workers and pay them for the hours worked rather than employing full time workers who are expensive and are not required most of the time. Castell talks about the network society sourcing valuable add-ons that can contribute to the goals and objectives of the network to integrate into its system and excluding those it has no need for who he says make up the ‘irrelevant planet’, this feature of the network society has contribute to some modern business challenges where there is the need for knowledgeable workers. He says that the work process is a globally integrated but labour has become individualised and therefore has no class again as ultimate power goes to those that are in charge of the networks and determine what happens in it. But his theory also says that labour is divided into two; the self programmable and generic labour. The former is skilled and flexible with the ability to learn new things, processes, tasks are able to adapt to change and are knowledgeable while the latter is unskilled and can be easily exchanged or disposed of. There are many critiques towards Castell’s theoretical assumptions. Many theorists believe that our society is still divided into classes and are against the faceless capitalism which Castell talked about. Theorists like Webster and Garnham believe that the network society is not a new type of social structure or system, and that it has been in existence over time. They argue that this network society is a gradual development of the former industrial society and is not completely a new one. They also argue that the society is still in the hands of the capitalists, as they are still the elites who have access to technology and education, and the members of this capitalist group are heading companies in the top managerial positions. The people in this positions are who Castell says are in charge of the networks so therefore the capitalists still matter in the society. It is also difficult to accept his grouping of labour, as the people in the groups do not share the same values or interests. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS However globalisation can sometimes lead to the exploitation of workers in some third world countries that offer cheap labour. Many of these workers are paid less than the normal UK or US standard of payment, making the big international companies exploit them, and some of them do not offer job security or workers rights. With this network society business do not consider the interests of their workers and are more interested in the opportunities and goals of the networks and look for people that they can integrate that will contribute to their goals. They pay less attention to cross cultural management. This is not advisable to do because in order to be successful as a global company, they need to understand the cultures and practices of the countries they move into. They need to work on integrating the local workers, consumers and culture with their own organisational culture in order to be successful in that country LIST OF REFERENCES Castells, M. (2000).The Rise of the Network Society, Second Edition. U.S.: Blackwell Publishing Castells, M. (1996, second edition, 2000). The Rise of the Network Society, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. I. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Castells, M. (1997, second edition, 2004). The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. II. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Castells, M. (1998, second edition, 2000). End of Millennium, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. III. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Webster, F. (2002). Theories of the Information Society. U.S.: Routledge Garnham, N. (2001). Contribution to a Political Economy of Mass-Communication. In M.G. Durnham D.M. Kellner (Eds.), Media and Cultural Studies (pp. 225-252). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Manuel Castells , ‘An Introduction to the Information age’ City 2: 7, 6-16 Castells, M. (2000). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. British Journal of Sociology Vol. No. 51 Issue No. 1 (January /March 2000) pp. 5–24 Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge and Oxford: Polity and Blackwell. Kiely, Ray, 1964–The clash of globalisations: neo-liberalism, the third way, and anti-globalisation/by Ray Kiely. p. cm. -(Historical materialism book series, ISSN 1570–1522; v. 8) R. Robertson, Globalization (London: Sage, 1992) The network society: a cross-cultural perspective / edited by Manuel Castells. p. cm. Castells, M. 1983. The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press. http://cross-cultural-management.bestmanagementarticles.com/ How to cite International Human Resource Management, Essay examples

Ideal Renaissance Man Essay Example For Students

Ideal Renaissance Man Essay Hum Renaissance and Baroque April 16, 2013 The Ideal Renaissance Man or Woman An ideal renaissance man or woman in the fourteenth and fifteenth century, a time when people aspired to be skilled in numerous areas and humanistic education was customary, meant you would have to stand out from the rest. Pico Della Miranda theories in Oration on the Dignity of Man sum up the ideal Renaissance man. He proclaimed that individuals face no limits to their development except those that are self-imposed (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In theory only one can hinder their win success. The ideal renaissance man had a broad base in knowledge or was highly skilled in the arts, music or literature. Some lived up to being ideal Just because they were bold or unique. The ideal renaissance man was respected by his peers and his knowledge and abilities were often required by the patrons of this era. Ingeniously, some individuals happened to be masters of art, engineering, and even anatomy all at the same time. Mostly men, renaissance contributors did not normally encourage women to participate during this time. Women were encouraged to fit the refill of wives and mothers and their political rights at this point were still kind of limited. Nevertheless, there were many that fit the description of an ideal renaissance women. One unique women of this time was Laura Cerate. A writer who struggled with heavy criticism from her cohorts because of her scholarly pursuits. In response to both the men and women who were Judgmental of her, Laura wrote two letters that were penned to answer both critics: a defense of learning aimed at male humanists and a defense of her vocation directed toward her female critics (Cunningham 289). Laurels heated verbiage in these letters won her great recognition and respect. In describing an ideal renaissance man Leonardo Deviance owned up to that title for his many achievements. He donated to us many chemical theories, the air balloon, the telescope, and trigonometry. He was a plethora of knowledge. He was also recognized for his many works of art known all around the world today, The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper for example. He was diverse in his thinking and saw many of his ideas through. He was a living example and true to Leon Liberties (1404-72) quote: that men can do all things if they will. The Renaissance is understood as a historical era of cultural movements. Its contributors are termed Ideal Renaissance Men and Women for making it possible. Even so, they continued to pursue more knowledge and abilities. For this, they were ideal renaissance people of their time. Cunningham and Reich. Culture and Values . 3. Ohio: Coinage Learning, 2009. Print. Giovanni Pico Della Miranda, Content. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2013): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Par. 2013. What Is a Renaissance Man? Weeklies. N. P. , n. D. Web. 26 Feb.. 2013.